Extra Credit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Extra Credit - Essay ExampleThe most important impression that I learned from the episode is the unity and cooperation among Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Ford, and Morgan. They often seemed to combine their efforts and in the process make more discoveries. For example, discovery of electricity made it easier for other industries such as finance, and transport to flourish.However, I tend to ring that this episode fails to show the ethical issues that characterized the making of America. For example, the episode does not show how thousands of people were oppressed in the process of industrialization. I actually wonder if some of the research standards used by the men who clear America would stand the test of time in the modern society. Nevertheless, we can say that the end justifies the mover since America is what it is today because of such hardworking and dedicated men who put all their energy and payload to developing America from nothing to something.History. The Men Wh o Built America - New Episodes. Web 18 October 2012.

Rhetoric-in-Practice (RIP) Assignment (Movie review of The Hunger Essay

Rhetoric-in-Practice (RIP) Assign manpowert (Movie review of The longing Games) - quiz ExampleWithin District 12, the heroine in the fool Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) volunteers to take part in the Games in ordinate of her younger sister. Katniss special way of changing the world may appear small scale and inadvertent however, towards the end Katniss appears to have changed her own world. In the event that Katniss is to return home to District 12, she abides impossible choices (Egan 2). She should conceive her survival against the healthybeing of humanity and her life against love. PHOTO VIA HUNGERGAMES.COM The Hunger Games is a satirical sci-fi film that manages to confront and rail against the pitfalls of materialism, greed, and economic inequality via its world building and costuming. The narrative intentionally rejects to employ a perspicacious approach to political criticism, as it utilizes traditional satirical techniques such as visual exaggeration, hyperbole, and contrast to brook its message. The world of Panem, representing a futuristic America, is introduced pleasingly in about 90 seconds. First, the film introduces two men in discussion about an event called The Hunger Games in front of an audience the region of Panem is categorise into haves and have-nots, where the haves live indoors the Capitol (categorized by wealth and power) while the poor reside in a entreaty of impoverished districts suffering under the oppressive rule after an unsuccessful uprising (Seife 5). Possibly, the biggest achievement of The Hunger Games is the fact that it succeeds in adapting a successful teen novel to a film. This is done spectacularly to the intent that one does not need to read the novel prior to entering the cinema so as to get it. When a serious novel has sold millions of copies as is the case of Suzanne Collins trilogy, the default define would be producing something that will resemble what the readers imagined however, The Hunger Game s has been dissected, enlarged, and retooled into a piece that is intelligent, powerful, and immersive. This world is filled with cruelty and the film director does not shy away from confronting it. The violence and cruelty are most apparent within the Hunger Games arena, an extensive synthetic forest where 24 children hunt one another, and the degree of brutality is well articulated. Ross successfully cuts around the violence in the film to get an appropriate rating for a adolescent audience. The heroine in the film, Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence), has little time for being wistful since she has to survive. Katniss is a teenage survivalist within a post-apocalyptic histrionics of a familiar American myth. This runs throughout the film based on the premise of what survival is outlay (Gresh 4). There is no doubt that Lawrence is as ideal as Katniss given her melancholic determination. The production determine in the film are ample, if not generous. The soundtrack represents a blend of regional and atmospheric flavors, although enhanced tuneful propulsion might have aided to juice up the film. Throughout the film, it is apparent that Mr. Ross, the director of this faze story, has mastered the heart-skipping pulse of the story and turned it into a thrilling and smart film through a ravishing technique with propulsive energy. The utilization of CGI technology superbly complements design to generate space of the film, and visually represents a variety of the themes in the film. There is an air of credibility owing to an

Assigment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assigment 3 - Essay showcaseI was unsure why I was doing the equal yet during the course of the twenty-four hour period I started to consummate so many negativities that were in his personality. I had never envisioned sophisticate to be that bad but that day made me think of very negative things about him. I saw that he was not only mean but also very authoritative in his actions and undertakings, and that he would things as feels like. I was against such a personality in my mind but I never realized until that day that he was a bad person to be friends with. In short, I had come across so much about him in my mind that day that I could not even gather the same in the years passed by. It was an eye-opener for me. In the evening, we two met at the basketball court but did not run out to each other. Our combined friends were astonished as to what exactly was going on between the two of us.This was a very unusual experience for me since I could not have envisioned something that would keep me at a distance from Rick for one entire day. It was a heartbreaking thing yet I was more than happy to be away from him. We had not talked to each other the whole day and my animosity for him was exploitation with each passing minute. I was literally cursing him for the bad things that existed within his personality. At about 10 o clock in the night, I bumped into Rick at the store. He was getting his usual sexually transmitted disease of cola drinks and I was there to get some medicines for my family. We still did not talk to each other, permit alone did not even bother to have a second gaze. Suddenly the salesman asked me to wait for Rick to stop shopping so that we could pay together. I was amazed and so was Rick that nearly everyone rough us knew so much about our friendship that they took us as one and not two separate individuals. Suddenly something happened and it made me go and hug him instantly. It was one of those feelings that one has very little withs tand about.

MGT 302 MOD 1 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT 302 MOD 1 CA - Essay ExampleThe book of the bearing and the persistency of the individuals in addition play a major role in the overall study. there be number of circumstanceors that influence the needs of a person and that impact the satisfaction aims thereby impacting the behavior of the individual (Brooks). The drive to satisfy ones needs is what arouses or energizes behavior. Habits, in turn, provide a direction for behavior. Habits are stimulus response bonds that are built up over time as a go out of prior training. There are two main components that explain behavior, one, is the motivation component and second is the learning component. Motivation component deals with the drive those energies the behavior while learning component is the habit that provides direction or indicates what particular behavior will be initiated (Mullins). The drive theory is one of the many theories that impact the take aim of motivation of the employees in the training sessions and thi s helps realize the factors that act as satisfiers and dissatisfies for the employees. The impact of drives as an organizing construct thence waned. Furtherto a greater extent, it became accepted that organisms are always active and the field of motivation shifted from the study of what turns organisms on and off to an chase in the direction of behavior, including choice and persistence. The cognition and interest in this led to the development of the expectancy nurse theory which involves some of the most common sense aspects that lead to motivated behavior. It is also important to honor that the behavioral choices also determine to a great extent provides a crystallize image of what the destination is of the person and the focus and dedication that the person has to achieve the same (Tracey). Hence all these factors impact the level of motivation of employees in an presidencyal training. Recommendations The main need for motivated and well focused employees is for the surv ival of the company. A charmplace tends to be very effective if the employees are motivated as these employees tend to be more productive and effective. It is crucial that the manager is able to identify what motivates the employees and what does not in order to keep a clear context of the performance. Of all the functions a manager performs, motivating employees is arguably the most complex. This is due, in part, to the fact that what motivates employees changes constantly (JD and Mazin). For example, research suggests that as employees income increases, money becomes less of a motivator. Also, as employees get older, interesting work becomes more of a motivator. The main aim of the training program is to ensure that the employees have a remedy idea of working within diverse workforces and how to deal with the various cultures within the workforce (Tracey). Here it is clear that the company has taken all attempts to ensure that the environment and style of imparting the training is different and is also interesting. However, if the levels of motivation are still low this is a major issue. The mission of is to facilitate individual and organization awareness and provide assistance in preparing and accessing the diversity program. Cognitive theorists do not assume that beliefs are based entirely on previous experiences with contingencies (e.g., reward and punishment) to ones own behavior (JD and Mazin). A few of the executable solutions

DQ1 Problem Response, and conclusion, DQ Payouts to Shareholder w9DB Essay

DQ1 riddle Response, and conclusion, DQ Payouts to Shareholder w9DB - Essay ExampleIn a situation where the managers bang that the correct value of their shares is $14.50, the beat out thing they should do to raise $500 million is by borrowing the money. This is because the investors go out know that the bell of the share is underpriced and get out not be allowing to demoralize equity. This can be explained as followsWe know the cost of borrowing is $ 0.20 per share and if the profligate sells 37 million shares at a discount of $1 per share ($14.50 - $13.50), they will have to bear the cost of $37 million or, $0.27 per share (Putra, 2008). Therefore it will be advisable to issue debt in such a scenario.According to my personal opinion, if the firm has no distress costs and still tax benefits, it will issue equity only if it is overpriced. However the investors will try to buy the shares of the firm at the lowest possible price since they know that the equity is overpriced. This will result in declining the market price of the equity and the firm will not benefit at all. So it would be better for IST to issue debt in such a scenario as it will only enhance its market price.Putra. (2008, September 12). How are Earning Per Share (EPS) calculated? In Accounting Financial and Tax. Retrieved from http//accounting-financial-tax.com/2008/09/how-are-earning-per-share-eps-computed/ buy Tender offers This court is generally used in large equity purchases. In this approach, a firm fixes the specific price at which it wants to purchase back the shares, the number of shares it wants to buy back and the time current for the offer. It further invites the stockholders who are willing to surrender their shares for repurchase by the firm (Putra, 2009).Open Market Purchases This approach is primarily used for smaller repurchases. In this method, the firm has the liberty to decide the number of share it wants to buy back and also the time of repurchase. In this approa ch, the firm buys back the shares from the market itself but at the

FINAL PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINAL labour - Essay ExampleAccounting and Management Accounting and management are usually fused into a single career commonly referred to management accounting which is usage of information for improved control of firms. As such, management accounting forms an important faucet of organizational management at all levels in a company (Atkinson et al 82). Within the structures of leadership in organizations, there are divers(prenominal) decisions that need to be made by heads of departments. In order to conciliate these decisions, the leaders comport to over add together several challenges which include consulting with other employees. Consulting on the other hand involves converse and therefore communication plays a central berth in the career of accounting management. It follows then that a person practicing in this field has to have at least two solid backgrounds of education in monetary accounting and management disciplines (Shah, Malik and Malik 6). This is only realisti c when one is a specialist in business field and furthered one of the two disciplines in masters. place of Communication Communication forms an important aspect of everyday life since human beings are relational in nature. In the world of business, effective communication should be an important instrument that ensures good relations at heart a firm and clients that are served by the firm. Collaborative communication whereby different stakeholders in an organization have free of information is quite important in ensuring client satisfaction and increasing the profitability of a company. Accounting matters are sensitive because they involve financial matters where clients are very keen on acute how their money is being handled to ensure profitability. The main of business entities in engaging in financial matters is to make gains and be competitive in the corporate world. As such, communication is quite important in how different matters are handled in the accounting departments ( Koski, Ehlen, and Saxby 86). Information economics views the management of accounting as an important tool that helps in decision making. This tool is useful in providing signals that are influence decision making in the uncertain nature of financial matters. Therefore, the effectiveness of accounting management is often measured by babble effects of a persons usage of the different utilities found within it. Some decisions back tooth be disastrous especially if they are not based on sound accounting and frugal principles whereas others can be advantageous. In this regards, it is important for people working within the management and accounting field to have regular communication so that they whitethorn freely exchange ideas. Collapse of many financial institutions has been blamed on poor communication mainly in failure to communicate important decisions. When communication is not done in good time, important and crucial decisions fail to be made preeminent to crumbling of finan cial institutions (Kaplan 405). Overview of the Industry The management accounting industry or career utilizes financial as healthy as non financial information to make important decisions that can propel organizations towards achieving their goals. It therefore focuses on sit and future opportunities so that it can propel itself into greater heights in terms of performance. Many may think that there are no limitations in its but they do exist especially those that come about due to value-added principle. This principle dictates that

Hank williams Sr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hank williams Sr - Essay ExampleHe befriended music from the very start and the guitar given to him by his mother when he was eight course of studys old, became his lifeline. Williams childhood friend Rufus Payne (aka Tee Tot) taught him how to play the guitar and sing the blues. Hank Williams home (now Hank Williams Boyhood Home & Museum), purlieu and the initial hard family times influenced the style of his songs.Willing to take music as a career, Williams began do around the Georgiana and Greenville areas of Alabama in his early teens. Forming a local hoop in Montgomery called the be adrift Cowboys, they became quite popular and the local intercommunicate station played their music regularly. Singing songs of the famous artists and his idol, Roy Acuff, the radio station dubbed him the Singing Kid. Lillie became the temporary manager for Williams and collected gate money, contracted and negotiated for gigs. Looking at the introduce of stardom, Williams contracted with alcoho lism and turned intoxicated for his radio shows and eventually got fired due to his habitual toxic condition.Audrey Mae Sheppard became Williams manager and short time later in 1943, his wife. Although at the time Williams was a local hero, besides he couldnt make it to big names yet. To get further in the limelight, the couple toured Nashville to happen upon with a songwriter/music publisher Fred Rose who was one of the heads of Acuff-Rose Publishing. Rose instantaneously liked Williams songs and save two sessions for Sterling Records. This resulted in two angiotensin-converting enzymes, both hits. Seeing the success and potential in him, MGM Records write a contract with him in early in 1947 and Rose became the Williams manager and record producer.His first single with MGM, Move It On Over, was instant hit and rose to the country Top Five charts. Songs released in 1948 like Honky Tonkin and Im a Long Gone Daddy peaked in the charts too. Another huge success came in early in 1949 with Lovesick Blues, which remained at number one for 16 weeks and crossing over into the pop Top 25. This song was performed at Grand Ole Opry and received a record six encores from the crowds.During this time, Williams and Audrey had their first child, Randall Hank in 1949. Soon afterwards, Williams gathered the guitar player Bob McNett, bassist Hillous Butrum, fiddler Jerry Rivers, and steel guitarist Don Helms to perform the most acclaimed versions of Drifting Cowboys. He and his band were earning handsomely and most of their shoes were sold out. In the early 1950s Williams made at to the lowest degree seven hits and most of them made it to the Top Five Charts. During these years, a different side of Hank Williams came to be known. He started to record some religious and spiritual records under the name of Luke the Drifter. The change of name was due to the point that he thought that the dick jockeys and jukebox operators would not play his non-traditional songs and there spiritual songs would hurt his genius as a country musician. Although the name was chosen to hide his identity, he couldnt cloak his voice. The next year Williams came back with more of the hits to please his fans. He started taking parts in television shows and package tours to market place him further. The music was going great with most songs of 1951 entering the top

History Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History Western Civ - Essay ExampleNews of such atrocities by the Muslims angered the Christian peoples of Europe so that nobles and commoners athe likes of were summoned over for the mission of recovering the Holy Land from Islam. Numerous knights conjugate the crusades because the popes promised them forgiveness of their sins as a reward for fighting for Christ. In short, Christians considered crusades as holy wars against the enemies of God.However, not all(prenominal) the crusaders had such pure and noble motives for many of them had selfish intents as rise up. To the landless, the crusades were an opportunity to acquire lands in Asia whereas to the adventurous, the crusades offered excitement. For the greedy, the crusades meant the calamity of rich loot from the East while the ambitious ones chased after glory and monarchical recognition. The Muslims, perceiving their hold advantage of defending Islam to be the chief benefit that would eventually influence Islamic nations, regarded wars against European crusaders as jihads or holy wars, believing that these were means to fight for their god Allah against the unbelievers.Crusades were also launched to address the growing crushing in pilgrimages of Christians. Being a pilgrim is an aspect of Christian life which greatly affects the religious as well as the socio-political grounds of living as a Christian at the period Europe was experiencing the vertex of political turmoil in several respects among its nations. European Christians to this day have adhered to the faith that pilgrimages, like the essence of penance, is able to purify or atone one of all the present iniquities once a passionate journey to Jerusalem is successfully carried out. In the absence of pilgrimage, it would be difficult for Christians to claim license and possession of a certain region thus, crusade was necessitated to intervene and cease oppression and persecution of Christians by Muslims who took lengthened

Advantages and Disadvantages of the European Union Research Paper

Advantages and Disadvantages of the European Union - Research Paper ExampleThe discussion will also shortly look at the criteria followed by the states in order to be part of the European Union.Before the sphere War II took place, the world did not experience common cases of International organizations (alliances) as there be seen today. However, the war served as an eye-opener in that a majority of the states became open for cooperation towards creating these unions. This has largely been attributed to the widespread crisis, both frugal and political, that had hit the world avocation the harrowing war. This prompted the creation of most of the organizations seen today with the European Union universe one of them.As a brief history of the European Union, the idea of the alliance was incepted in 1949 and use in 1951 when the first founders of the Union came together for the formation of an alliance. The six atom nations, Belgium, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Italy, and Lu xembourg created what was first referred to as the Council of Europe. Their main objective was to unify the region while also proclaiming peace which was a much-needed necessity following the WWII. Following this was an expansion of the body and consequently, a new name was adopt in 1957- The European scotch Community. As the name suggests, the body was determined to create and facilitate free trade between member states. In the next 50 days, various countries have join the body and in 1993, the body adopted the name The European Union, which is what it is known today. Currently, the union comprises 27 member states in Europe with the latest members, Bulgaria and Romania having joined the body in 2007 (Sajdik & Schwarzinger, 2008).The European Union is governed by various policies and guidelines that have been formulated over the years in response to various emerging needs in the alliance. Today, the union allows citizens of the member states to move freely within the encompasse d

New Slide Footwear Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

new(a) glide Footwear Company - Assignment ExampleThese are classified as heady and variable court Where, fixed costs are those that remain constant regardless of production, era variable costs leave vary with the production (Khan & Jain, 2008 Peavler, 2011). In practice, we have established all the fixed cost as rent and maintenance, while variable costs as wages, materials, utilities and other expenses. This will check that we make accurate decisions in preparing all the financial documents for New Slide Footwear Company (Shim & Joel, 2008). On the other hand, revenue assumptions for the proposed business include the pricing of the new product and potentiality sales during the operations. . As such, we arrived at our unit pricing through conducting an intensive market research that considered several factors such as, the potential target market, cost of materials, gaugeed market share and other market pricing values used by existing competitors (FMAG, 2011). Therefore, the se assumptions enabled us to prepare relevant financial documents as observed in the following sections. borderline Costing Cost Statement. Marginal costing cost statement is a document used in marginal costing to create a platform for making all the cost and revenue assumptions (Globusz, 2001). It is a basic document that is useful in preparing financial documents such as the cash flow budget, forecast income statement, and forecast balance sheet.... It is a basic document that is useful in preparing financial documents such as the cash flow budget, forecast income statement, and forecast balance sheet (Kotler, 2000 Shim & Joel, 2008). remit 1 below represents the cost statement for the proposed business move. Table 1 Marginal Costing Cost Statement for New Slide Footwear Company. Particulars Per Unit Per 12 Months Sales ? ? ? ? Number of Units 100,000 Sales 22.00 2,200,000 Variable Costs run Materials 5.06 506,000 Direct Labor 1.12 112,000 Direct Overheads 3.06 306,000 Total M arginal Cost 12.76 1,276,000 Contribution 9.24 924,000 Fixed Costs 5.06 506,000 bread return 4.18 418,000 The costing statement shows that the venture will have a contribution margin of ?9.24 per unit of New Slide sports shoes, which reflects to ?924,000 for the first 12 months of operation. The business will generate ?418,000 worth of net profit, after selling the first 100,000 units, which is 19% of the sales value for the whole year. After adjustments, the fixed costs for the venture will amount to approximately ?506,000. 3.0 Break Even Analysis. Breakeven analysis is an efficient method used in by business managers in making appropriate decision for shaping the future of a business venture (Globusz, 2001). Precisely, breakeven analysis establishes the breakeven point (BEP), which is the point where an investment recovers its investment but does not incur any network or losses (Frongello, n.d Kotler, 2000). The following table gives the breakeven data for the proposed venture . Table 2 Break Even Table for New Slide Footwear Company. Sales Sales Variable Contribution Fixed Total Net Units Revenue ? Cost ? Margin ?

The Welfare State In the United States of America (Microeconomics) Term Paper

The Welf atomic number 18 evince In the United States of America (Microeconomics) - Term Paper ExampleFunded and managed by the U.S. government, these programs aspire towards ensuring economic security, ordinary access to resource for self-development and the reduction of social suffering, much(prenominal) as poverty and illness (Barr 4). Modern liberalism is the manoeuver philosophy of the United States Welfare System (McGowan 7). The philosophy says that individual liberty dep ceases on positive rights such as social security, unemployment benefits, health care, and public education. Historically, eudaemonia in the United States can be traced to the British Poor Laws, which distinguish between those unable to work due to age or physical challenges and those who are medically fit to work but are unemployed (Welfare discipline welfareinfo.org). Monetary assistance was presumptuousness to the former group while public service employment was issued for the later group by the gov ernment. interest the American Civil War, the United State Congress passed the Civil War Pension Program to provide aid to Civil War Veterans and their families (Welfare Information welfareinfo.org). The United States welfare agreement, as currently known, started under professorship Franklin D. Roosevelt as a result of the Great Depression. During the Great Depression, one in every four of the American labor force was unemployed and many families underwent great financial hardship. The Franklin D. Roosevelt government stepped in to solve the problem. ... ty Income, hold and Urban Development programs, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Head Start, Work Study, Medicare, and Social Security (Welfare Information welfareinfo.org). The politics, benefits and issues related to these programs as well as a comparison of United States welfare programs with welfare programs in other countries will be discussed in the term paper. Welfare programs in the United States issues and poli tics Assisting the broken while not encouraging them to seek employment forms the foundation of the politics of the United States welfare programs. By the 1990s, welfare reform dominated the political scene due to a number of antecedents. In fact, Republicans campaigned for an end to welfare as we know it, a policy theme, the President Clinton administration embraced (Politics and Social Welfare wps.prenhall.com). The reasons for these reforms were heavy and apparent. First, was the fact that most women can continue to work after childbirth and there was no reason for welfare mothers, who stay at home to claim welfare package. Another reason was the observation that near Americans were having more children in order to receive more aid. Furthermore, there was an alarming increase in unwedded mothers, for which welfare package was the incentive. Last, was the increasing number of voluntary unemployment among the labor class. Thus there was increasing dissatisfaction with welfare a s epitomized by Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) among many Americans, and welfare reform forms a hot study in the 1990s. In 1996, the United States Congress passed the Welfare Reform Act that gave the control of welfare system to states. Abolishing the AFDC, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 support a system of block grants to states, constraining the

IRB questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IRB questions - Essay exemplarWhen these expectations become inflated and exaggerated, the health of the marriage will suffer because the couple had a misguided doctrine on how they would behave toward one another.As an example, if a woman believes that marriage will mean that her economize will come home from work every night and spend his time discussing the day and beingness attentive to her needs, she may be surprised to find out that all he wants is his own space. However, if she realizes that the stew he went to in making sure that her car is running at top performance was his appearance of conveying his concern for her safety, then she might find a greater satisfaction in his behavior. cultivation to understand the flow of these examples of romance that are not based on materialism or highfaluting action, but on everyday subtleties in communications within relationships, can provide a time to come couples that are overwhelmed and inundated with a complex set of rules th at are media driven and unrealistic into tempering those expectations so that joy can be found in the little ways in which two plurality interact. From the perspective of a researcher, understanding this part of the human experience will allow for a purify understanding of the culture of marriage. In designing this research, it is hoped that the way in which fulfillment can be achieved is set in order to encourage future research into human interaction within the emotional confederacy of love.19. Describe methods for selecting subjects and assuring that their participation is voluntary. Attach a copy of the consent form that will be used. If no consent form will be used, explain the procedures used to ensure that participation is voluntary. communication channel This information is particularly important in determining that there is no actual or implied obsession to participate. (See attached information on consent forms)Subjects will be selected through recommendations and in troductions made by sacred leaders within the local community.

Discuss the history of the oil industry in the Middle East, including Essay

Discuss the history of the inunct industry in the midriff atomic number 99, including North Africa - Essay ExampleThe production capacity between these two sides is looked into details to give a precise account of the history of oil production. Analysis Oil deposits were discovered in the Middle East and were collected for a variety of uses by then there was no venture of exploitation for commercialized purpose. This was the diaphragm of 18th century and the petroleum bring was used as a new spring of fuel. Oil exploitation for commercial purposes started officially in the 19th century. It was discovered that the Middle East had big(p) oil reserves and, therefore, this impacted the decision of oil exploitation (Beltran, 234-239). When it was noted that Persia had oil deposits, the British job man called DArcy William asked the Persian government to grant him a concession to be able to seek oil in the country. They agreed at sharing the profit from the oil that would be extra cted and share at a given percentage. He started officially extracting oil and making great sales within the period but along the way he ran bankrupt and, therefore, sorted assistance from the British government. During that period, around 1905, a British company named Burmah Oil was the only one operating in that region and was in a stable condition and able to ran the exploitation processes efficiently. Therefore the British government pressurized the company to give William the unavoidable assistance that he required to continue with the extraction processes so as to avoid a smudge where he could have sold it another state or company. The company accepted the offer and some(prenominal) ventures were made to exploit the oil deposits. After 1905, several advances were conducted within the Middle East and large amounts of oil deposits were discovered. These lead to an increase in the percentage of oil production within the Middle East. Oil was advertise discovered in the areas o f Arabia, peninsula Caspian Sea, Iraq and Kuwait. Till this period, the exploitation and extraction were only done by the companies and the countries only certain concessions. These means that the countries were receiving so much less of the actual produce profit. The problem arose to the fact that the money accredited from the share profit of the oil extraction was poorly used by the corrupt members of government. The end turn up was that the whole nation was not benefiting from the oil extraction projects, but only the elite members of the country. These led to regressive growth of the economy of the countries. Take, for example, Venezuela it was faced by extreme corruption and overexploitation of the only resource that was sibyllic to support the whole country which led to the crumbling of the economy. Within the Middle East, politics started taking tall and modify oil exploitation. Another problem arose at the start of the World War II where oil deposits were universe bom bed to cripple the energy sector of the army. The U.S and Europe which was producing plenty of petroleum decided to fuel its allies in the war, which created a big problem to the Middle East. The Muslims were unable to concentrate in the production of oil and the U.S found a chance to control the oil exploitation (Cook, 56-76). A report that was conducted by the team of DeGoyler inform to the state department that Saud Arabia was sitting on oil deposits worth 20 billion dollars. The real assessment of oil

Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinese - Essay Exampleined the expertise to wasting disease gunpowder and heavy fighting engines which helped them to defeat the song and Jin emperors which were known to be the most powerful and see dynasties.Large armies Yuan dynasty ensured that it had a large army when they were about to attack a territory this throw away them maximum chances of success in their attacked it also scared away other dynasty from attacking themDiscriminations This dynasty was made up foreigners who did not allowed the natives to hold every position in the giving medication .With nobility not allowed to hold government office they ventured in education ,this made them to be better educated and thus they open reclusive schools and refused to teach in government institution.Zhu Yuanzhang established Ming dynasty in 1368. The reason for this was the rebellion against the yuan dynast, which is said to live with brought great famine, drought, flooding, bubonic plague among other natural disasters. T his was as a result of what was believed as loosing sanction of heavenTrade As a way of supporting this dynasty free trade was encouraged majorly with European with which the merchant class and the peasant farmers became very rich, got the education, and entered into government. They used hard currency and later due to inflation, take gold and silver as the most efficient means of exchange (Chris).Repression tactics in crop to remain in power after sensing rebellion, laws were enacted to make it official that it would capital offence for any one of within the clan or an official in an office to criticize the emperor. To enforce these laws, many another(prenominal) officials were sacked, corruption cases increased, a secret police was established to torture and killed many citizens.Superstition Natural calamities, such(prenominal) as famine, Drought, flooding Plague, climatic change and rebellion were termed as signs of losing the mandate of Heaven therefore the attracter was su pposed to be overthrown and his kingdom takenSuppression of some

Non Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non - Case Study ExampleMary and S completelyy fulfilled the cost place come forward on the develop with regards to the payment of purchase price clause. The Purchaser was to pay monthly installments on the first day of every month. Up to the point of Mary contacting the Seller on the engage to end up the contract, the Purchaser had made all payments as laid out up to that point. The purchaser has fulfilled all her contract negotiations. magic, the Seller, violated the building code of the city. Sally fell down the stairs to the basement and the inadequacy of the railings might have aggravated the situation. John had a duty to comply with the terms laid out on the building code and failure to do this is a tort which the specific element macrocosm failure to practice a duty (Schlanger& Spaulding, 1). John, being the seller in the contract also breached the terms of the contract which is also a tort (Schlanger& Spaulding, 1). The contract specifically mentioned that the Purchas er can terminate the contract during the first five years if no longer able to live due to a need to move to a nursing home. Sally is a Purchaser and she has a need to move to a nursing home. Mary notified John the need and even offered the doctors letter as proof. John forcing Mary to pay for an extra month was wrong. Mary is therefore in a position to progeny John to court on accounts of breach of contract and on negligence of duty (Schlanger& Spaulding, 1).The only redundant schooling required would be the contract the Seller and the Purchaser signed did not clearly level the period which the Purchaser need to give the notice to the Seller with regards to the termination. This is a crucial piece of information that is missing.On signing the M & S contract, John as the Seller and Mary and Sally as the Purchasers agreed to the terms set out on the contract. John needs to understand that the terms on the contract are binding. Mary is acting within her rights by notifying John on her need

John Locke V Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

John Locke V Thomas Hobbes EssayLocke and Hobbes both had detailed accounts as to what the cite of nature is. I will quit with Hobbes and what he felt the state of nature is made up of. Hobbes believed in defining the state of nature as what it is instead of what it ought to be. So he focused in on the nature of people and came to a very descriptive conclusion as to how survive in this particular state of nature. He state that man was equal in ambition, cruelty, and treachery, which in turn give rises humans equal in the ability to massacre each other. This is important because he believes that people can non live in peace in the state of nature because of those reasons. Also because of this he states that there argon triple principals of quarrels competition, diffidence, and glory. Hobbes musical notes that because of human nature these three reasons to fight would take over and make the state of nature a state of war. Locke also has an intuitive feeling to the state o f nature. He feels that men would respond to social occasions and people around them with reason and rationality.Therefore he feels that a state of nature for the closely part peaceful and pleasant. He also states that the natural law would organize humans in a state of nature. He thinks that people know right field from wrong and be capable of doing both simply it is upon the individual to carry out these values. In order to deal with the state of nature each of the two suggests a loving buzz off. Whatever the decoct is should be the obligations placed upon the people. They both believe in this particular agreement they just differ as to who it should be between.Hobbes speaks of the Leviathan and believes that the contract should be between the ruled and the ruler. He states that a sozzled ruler is the only way to enforce the sociable contract. He says that all me are born with three rights the right to property, liberty, and life. He believes that the only important righ t is the right to life because without that right you can non bring on a chance to enjoy the other two. So his contract consists of the subjects giving up the other two to the leviathan so that he can agree the right to life. Lockes social contract differs in many ways.One of them is Locke does not believe that individuals should not stimulate up liberty, but instead give up the right to punish people who commit wrongdoings and leave that up to a overwhelming force, in this case the popular freety. His belief of the state of nature which is that man would use their reason and be rational when dealing with other people. So his contract is between the elect and the people. Locke and Hobbes social contract may be divergent but in ways they are standardized. They both believe in revolt if the contract is broken, but they state it differently.Hobbes believes in the crowned head so the revolt once morest him would be different then Lockes edict of popular self-governingty, but in short it both of them called for persecution in such case. lock in the case that called for persecution would naturally be different because of the different types of governing bodys these men called for. For example Locke says it is time to revolt when a ruler tries to get absolute top executive of the people but Hobbes states that the leviathan needs to have absolute power and the only time to revolt is if the monarch is not able to protect the people he rules over.Hobbes explains the blood between the subjects and ruler as do what you told and you will not be killed. This means that these people could not say any involvement closely the way the sovereign is running the kingdom or you are subject to death. This is so in the way Hobbes looked at it because the only way to control the people is a state strong enough to persecute someone for this particular reason. The monarch that Hobbes feels is the only way to govern should not be questioned by anyone as so long he is able t o protect the people of the land.Lockes view of the kinship is really different. Based on the concept of popular sovereignty the sovereign are the people so the relationship is more give and take or democratic. This is a very important concept to Lockes ideas because this is what differs him the most from Hobbes. His democracy is broken hatful into three branches executive, legislative, and federal. The elected officials in these positions are an extension of the people so the people who make up the state serves the people until the people are tired of them.What Hobbes and Locke say about people moving into a political society from a state of nature is pretty similar and all most the same. Both say that contracts between people were necessary, but the dilemma in that is that in a state of nature there is no one to enforce the contracts between people. Both of them public opinion about this concept and figured that in order to move in to a political society someone was needed to e nforce these contracts. Hobbes believes that the only one strong enough to force contracts is the monarch.Locke believes the same thing about someone being strong enough to force the contracts but he thinks it should be the elected doing so. Lockes two treatises contain sovereignty more so than it has before. Locke called for a separation of powers. He broke it down into three sections and combined it with the popular sovereignty therefore the many limitations were in place. I believe Locke include this idea into is first and second treatise because he wanted to not allow the abuse of power that is so evident in a monarchy. This is important because this is what our American system of democracy is based upon. Hobbes system of government there is very little limitation.The only limitation I can see is when the monarch does not provide for the security of the people and they revolt. Though that limitation is called upon by Hobbes the rest of the terms of the monarch have no limitatio ns. The monarch is the ruler and no one can go against him because he is the divine and spillage against him is going against god. So the limitations of a monarch are pretty much is inexistent in Hobbess the Leviathan. The rights of the subjects according to Hobbes are the right to live and that is it. The other rights now belong to the Leviathan this is needed according to Hobbes to en certain security.A monarch that gives too many rights to the people is too weak to defend them. This is so because if the monarch is questioned a grant it takes away the fear of the ruler. Hobbes says that fear is needed to keep the people in check. Therefore a sovereign must practice a policy known as shock and awe. Without this strategy someone would feel that they might be able to challenge the monarch. So rights that the subjects hold on the sovereign are limited to the right to revolt if the monarch fails to protect them. Locke thinks that people should hold more rights to the elected.The subj ects have the right to trust people in the state and take them out. Locke gives people the right to liberty and property. This is different from Hobbes because Hobbes said to give those rights up. Locke says that you can have rights that Hobbes said would not work in transforming into a political society. Hobbes says that subjects cannot ensure that the sovereign roles for the greater good. Because if they are alive it is the greater good according to Hobbes so what can they do to ensure that the ruler is operating for the greater good?According to Hobbes nothing because you can not go against the Leviathan on how he is ruling, and to do so can result in you getting killed. So once again the subject has very little to say in the Hobbes ideology. Locke also has a conflicting view with Hobbes on this ability to check the sovereign to make sure he is operating for the good of the people. The main thing that allows them to ensure what the government doing is right is the ability bring charges against any wrongdoings. This is powerful because it does not only cathexis those people out of office but also brings persecution to them.Another powerful way to make sure government is doing the right thing is the ability to vote or not to vote for people who make up the state. Both Locke and Hobbes are modern political philosophers with different ways of reaching the same objective lens. Their objective is to transform a state of nature into a political society. Though they disagree on what a state of nature is and they disagree on which is the better political society, but both were apparently right. This is so because both of the philosophies can be applied to life today, which is in a whole different scene of their time.

Civil Rights After Civil Rights Essay Example for Free

courtly Rights After Civil Rights Essay brownish versus Board of Education, and the 1964 courtly rights act, was major milest iodins in the civilised rights movement, entirely they did not annihilate segregation, and did not preclude the need to talk astir(predicate) public life in right aways culture. The civil rights act itself was a law that wholeowed loopholes to be exploited, and was not an act that ended the need to continue to fight civil rights. brownness versus Board of Education outlawed segregation in public schools, provided the fight to desegregate proved difficult. Today segregation exists in schools, only if it exists from different methods.A prime example of how the Jim Crow to the second was lied in St Louis, a border city. Today, segregation of housing quieten exists in Cities and it resembles the Jim Crow south more than one might think. Maybe the biggest accomplishment of the Civil rights movement was the drifting away from the boneheaded s eeded racism common throughout the rude, not just in the south. But the by moldiness be understood to understand the current problems faced in this country regarding race. The race problem has not gone away, and not acknowledging is not going to act it.The Civil rights movement and the acts seen as its milestones changed the way race is viewed in this country, that it did not eliminate it as an important f squanderure of the way this country exists today. The 1964 Civil rights act was passed, exactly not before its language had to change so congressmen from gray states in detail would vote for it. It changed voting requirements, but kept the Literacy test, which was a major factor preventing duskys from voting. It outlawed discrimination in public places, but left out private places, without defining what private meant.It outlawed employment discrimination, but enforcement of this law was considerably weak. Its two biggest features were the provisions outlining desegregation , and the employment cause. The biggest thing, however, that the law did was to do something to protect the rights of Afri suffer Americans. When sounding at this law, it seems that it was almost more symbolic in nature, and it was a major stepping-stone for African Americans in acquire Washington to back the rights they were fighting for.In the Jim Crow South, schools were segregated, and they were not give way but equal. The schools denied benighted students a future in which they could choose. They were taught a different curriculum the buildings were much more run down, and t altogether(prenominal)ers were given less(prenominal) of a reason to give way hard at their jobs African Americans did not live in opulence either. Students often had to leave school to help the demand for sh arcropping, and to help their families survive in p everywherety. As a result, students only went to school around 70 days a year with a limited curriculum.It was a vicious cycle, as a lack of education forced students to perch poor, and their children would continue as they did with elfin chance to grow from it. Brown versus Board of Education outlawed segregation in public schools, but it was only a step, and very little was done early on to enforce it. Barack Obama talked about in one of his presidential campaigns of the education gap between todays students. He mentions how over hundreds of old age of drastically different access to education as well as poverty problems today, todays students behave moderately different levels of achievement in the classroom.Ways of addressing this solution have make sense up to solve this. A process called Tracking, which sorts students into different levels found off perceived academic skill, has been developed. The occupation for this is that it allows students with less ability to not compare himself or herself to kick downstairs students, and allow more freedom to show at their own pace. The problem with this is that a cademic achievement is often associated with upbringing and poverty. So, in turn, an argument against this is that it educates based off the persons social class.Most scholars agree that it in fact negatively affects disadvantaged students to go to distinguish schools based off of Tracking. It affects teachers expectations, lowers the curriculum, gives fewer resources, and denies many students the opportunity to progress past a certain level of learning. Many of the selfsame(prenominal) problems of the Jim Crow South are repeated here, but this epoch it is not technically based off of race. Despite not creationness based off of race, African Americans have a much higher poverty rate, resulting in less access, which results in African Americans being put in schools often know apartd from white students.It is not completely the same as Jim Crow, but it puts African Americans at a disadvantage they cannot escape from unless there is equal opportunity to learn as the richer white kids do. St Louis is a city that lies on the border between north and south. When it came to after reconstruction, Jim Crow had its resultant on the city due to this, and it is a good representative of what Jim Crow did to African Americans. During the great migration, there was a massive movement of blacks into cities like St Louis. A nice feature of St Louis was the prevalence of white hostility.Whites did not want blacks moving into their neighborhoods. So through politicians, neighborhood organizations, real estate groups, and fear, Blacks moved into a separate part of town, forming overcrowded black communities in small neighborhoods. Around the same time as migration, Jim Crow laws, creating separate public facilities for blacks and whites came into effect. To keep them separate, people used lynchings, economic depravity, political oppression to keep them in their part of town. Black men were often used for labor-intensive jobs, or as servants, while black women often did no t work at all.Due to overcrowding, there was little access for a plentifulness of people, so people suffered in poverty that they could not escape. St Louis had unevenly applied segregation meaning split of the town were more representative of the North than the South. St Louis was a good representative for inequality in both North and South for African Americans. Barack Obama addressed poverty for black as well as schools. He talked about concentrated pockets of poverty, meaning that African Americans live in separated, overcrowded, and poor communities.He talked about the inability to amass wealthiness due to discrimination from property, exclusion from unions, from past generations affecting future generations. His propose is that over many years African Americans have been subjected to slavery and segregation, and that has led to a huge wealth gap between blacks and whites. African Americans continue to face problems rooted in slavery and social barriers requisition exists today, and blacks continue to resist desegregation due to familiarity and control over themselves. Whites resist integration into their neighborhoods, because they fear it would overthrow their social assets.There has also been a greater increase in the spread of jobs to cities. While blacks run for to stay close to home, they also move around more than they once did, allowing for greater integration into the workplace. With residential segregation staying the same, and workplace integration increasing, the jobs a white and a black man take are often still separated due to the unfamiliarity of private lives. A black man is still inferior, and often there are reports of men feeling like they do not belong. Over time, however, intermingling in the work place can only evanesce to a greater familiarity, and thus more opportunity to prove ones self.In South Central Los Angeles, blacks do disperse to jobs far away, but many have to stay close. There is less opportunity closer to home f or blacks, and many are forced to stay close. Martin Luther King talked about rapid changes in the experience of segregation, which meant that a life for blacks in a segregated community was inconsistent and often unfair. While these communities see a greater increase in better jobs for blacks, there still remains many unsolved problems from the civil rights era. So what is the meaning of the legislation of Brown, and 1964, when today there still exists inequality in schools and in work?Did those acts do nothing for the good of the country? Following the civil rights movement, the south became the stronghold for republican presidential candidates. Ironically, Republicans, especially in the south, felt civil rights violated southern peoples freedom to choose. They felt that the southern way of life was compromised. So upon the passing of legislation, southern politicians fought tooth and nail to keep their way of life. It must be stated again that it was not the legislatures intent t o solve civil rights, but only to strengthen African American protection of law.It did increase rights of African Americans, in the voting booth in 1965, and it em roleed them when fighting for further civil rights. For the first time since reconstruction, African Americans had won rights they thought were given once the 14th amendment was passed. While not under the public eye, civil rights continued until 1973, as people drew strength from the law. If one thing can be gained from the civil rights movement, it is that it was no longer common to think of Blacks as less than human.John L Jackson came up with the idea of Racial Americana which heart and soul that ace returns to our everyday lives whether we want it to or not. Looking at the past problems, and current problems, are necessary for advancements to be made. Looking at the language of Jim Crow signs is helpful to catch the past. In a book like Getting Mothers body, by Suzan Bri Parks, you can understand incisively what t hey say. In books like this, one can take away that the signs can be read, and understood today, but it must not define. What this means is that the problems of today can only be understood by the problems of yesterday, but the problems of yesterday cannot become the problems of today.Jim Crow no longer invades the south, but their still exists discrimination all over the place, and the greater problems of that time must be understood so the current problems can advance. It is like if a person has not eaten for several days, then he or she must understand that they must eat to survive, and understand that not eating for a few days is the primary factor of the hunger pains. aside of learning from the past is to understand that race differences are not a problem that has disappeared in American society.Audre Lorde styles herself as a black, lesbian, feminist, socialist mother of two in I am your sister written in 1984. She talks about how white fair sex define woman as what they see , hear, and touch. They use all of their experiences and use that to define what they think is a woman. They completely ignore black woman, and the differences that contribute to their sense of what a woman is. They do not see a black woman as being woman and being black, they only see a woman. She argues that there must be a distinction stating refusing to have intercourse differences makes it impossible to recognize different problems and pitfalls as women. Refusing to acknowledge a difference means there can be no understanding of who a black woman is, and how that is important in understanding women as a whole.She also uses that same context in talking about being a Lesbian, and that how being a lesbian is also an important identifier for her and the understanding of her attitudes and practices. It is these identifiers and acknowledgment of differences that help people understand one another. She states The future of our Earth may depend on the ability of all women to identify new definitions of power and new patterns of relating across difference. Along similar lines to Audrey Lorde, Assata Shakur talks about the need for black women to be strong. 95% of the women in this prison are black or Puerto Rican, imprisoned for shoplifting, robbery, pick pocketing and Prostitution. Most of these crimes were committed by desperate women trying to survive and feed their children. This prison was actually a place under control of guards who did not punish, and where conditions were much better than in normal, more drastic prisons for black men.The guards tell the ladies to be refined and to always ask the officer. The guards are also Black women and they generally feel like they should try to be like good white men and women. But Shakur argues that they need to know who they are, and stay strong as black women. There must be a separation of their identity to be citizens of this country. The words of Audrey Lorde and Assata Shakur afford to the race problem in general. Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a difference between races is the same as being fearful of the unknown.When someone fears the unknown, the unknown controls them, and actions toward the unknown are out of fear and generally injury what it is they fear. Separated schools, separated communities, a black man and a white man who have to work together, are all going to be hostile when confronted if they do not acknowledge differences. Not acknowledging means there will be a surprise when confronted with the differences, and that will caterpillar track to fear and hostility. Pretending everybody is the same does not solve anything, as people do not live in an ideal world.A black man or woman trying to conform, as in Shakurs case, will lead to a loss of identity. By acknowledging differences, and keeping strong separate identities, people can understand each other better, and only then can the lives of African Americans in the United States of America improve. After the end of the civil rights movement, the let go of of race came to its pass, but did not end segregation, and the issue of race continues to be something that all Americans must not ignore. The civil rights act outlawed segregation, but it did not end segregation and the problems that come with it completely.The school systems improved from desolate to marginally better for blacks with integration, but recently there has been a trend, which seems to lead back to more segregation in schools. St Louis was a place of Jim Crow and Northern problems. Today, segregation exists in cities still, and it brings to mind many of the same problems under Jim Crow. The civil rights movement was significant in that it brought race to the forefront of our minds, decreased the inherent hatred with racism, and gave African Americans a chance to speak out against the wrongs the had plagued them for centuries.Today, America has a black president, and wealthy black T. V personality with a huge influence, and many other black men and woman who have been allowed to influence the masses. But it is vital also to understand that the movement brought forrad the fact that race is a problem that can never be ignored in this country. It did not solve a problem that may never be totally solved, so therefore the issue cannot be ignored. Ignoring the issue will bring people to where it started, where there is a fear of the unknown and no good way of solving it unless it is understood.

Does the Color of Paint Deter Insects Essay Example for Free

Does the Color of Paint Deter Insects EssayIs it possible that paint is open(a) of insect control? Determine if painting the ceiling of a porch sky blue will home run wasps into thinking it is the sky and keep them from building nests under the eaves or on the ceiling? Hypothesis By painting the wrong roof of the porch sky blue we can prevent wasp from making a nest in the eaves of the porch. PredictionIf painting the roof sky blue prevents wasps from making nest, and then the inside of the roofs of all porches should be painted sky blue. Controlled Experimental Method The beginning of April when things usually start to blooming and make nest here in Colorado I painted half the ceiling of by back porch sky blue and the other half the original dark green. Checking to see rather or not there are new nests every day. Results In week 2 there no signs of nest in the back corner of the dark green side, 3 days later I checked again not only are there no sign of nests.Conclusion It has been 6 months and there is no sign of any nests, and the ceiling is actually cleaner. I have concluded that the paint has actually deterred the insects from creating nests. I think anybody that has a problem with insects on their porch should paint the ceiling blue.

Heros in Greek Literature Essay Example for Free

Heros in Greek Literature EssayIn modern times the word title-holder can be used to describe many different people. For example, a scientist that develops a cure for acquired immune deficiency syndrome would be thought of to be heroic. Or perhaps one might deem teachers heroic for organisation the youth of tomorrow. Although these jobs are noble, they would not be deemed heroic by the Greeks. Todays definition of a hero is comparatively broad to that of which the Greeks would have considered the term of hero to describe. More accurately, a hero is roughone who puts themselves in a position of death in order to obtain a morally just cause. This mood of self sacrifice is what makes a hero. In Greek literature, especially in poetry, there are several examples of heroes and heroines. I will specifically discuss Achilles of Homers Iliad, as well as Antigone in Sophocles Antigone, and why their character is of heroic stature.In early Greek literature, such as Homers Iliad, a hero was more parallel to the concept of a warrior. In book I of The Iliad, Achilles is not just portrayed as a warrior, but is in point introduced as godlike (Homer, 107). Achilles is an exemplum of one of the defining characteristics of epic poems in that he possesses godlike qualities, such as superhuman strength. In epic poems, the intervention and presence of the Greek gods is a persisting trait. Achilles is born of two mortal and immortal persons, his father a militant mortal Peleus and his bring forth the sea nymph Thetis. delinquent to these qualities and over the course of the poem, Achilles proves himself to be the most capable warrior of all.Moreover, Achilles also proves himself a hero by surmising to the idea of self sacrifice. It has always been known that if Achilles kills Hector during the Greek and Trojan War, he will at some point be put to death by the gods. As described in book IX, My m different Thetis, a moving silver grace, tells me two fates sweep me on my de ath. If I stay here and fight, Ill never return dwelling house, but my glory will be undying forever. If I return home my glory is lost but my life will be long, (Homer, 141). Therefore Achilles does have the option of release home and living a long life. However, it is the death of Patroclus, Achilles best friend, that sways him to fight even though a sure death will come. This choice is namely why Achilles is a hero.Another central ascendent to a Greek hero is that he is unable to be destroyed by any other man and therefore a central theme of self- destructiveness exists (Whitman).

Social Networking Essay Essay Example for Free

favorable Networking try come out EssayHow has mixer networking affected race today? Social sites now affect peoples thoughts almost incessantly and causes people to think very lowly of themselves. New advances in technology hurt affected the lives of many in these negative ways. In the article How many facebook friends do you need? by Robin Marantz Henig and words from Samantha Henig there be many examples of these points.Social networking has affected those on these sites minds greatly. These sites such as twitter and facebook birth almost taken over many people todays minds. In the article Samantha Henig states that after she says something funny her mind immediately goes to the idea of tweeting it. Samantha is and one person out of many so captivated by the immediate urge to share thoughts and hithertots with the rest of the world and compose it out somewhere where everyone can see. These social sites have created a more than abundant want for others to grapple what is going on in an individuals life rather than their want for simply enjoying what they have themselves. In addition to these thoughts and need to share events and thoughts constantly social networking also affects peoples minds in that it has people constantly worried about what others are doing.Through these sites participators are able to know what others are doing throughout the day without even directly contacting them. By knowing this information it tout ensembleows people to compare others lives to theirs without even realizing it, and find themselves checking their phones for these sites more and more often throughout the day. Social networking gives people the fear that they are missing out on something else instead of being happy with what they are doing themselves. This is one issue that social networking and all of its participants has produced.Furthermore this social networking has change overd peoples views on themselvesin a negative way. These sites have crea ted an image for many individuals that only views them in the most flattering way. This causes others to begin to have the thought that they do not meet the standards of others and constantly fight with themselves with the ideas of their own image. Although these flattering photos of others are usually real they exclude the photos which might not be as flattering cause false information to be believed and not expressing people as they rattling are. Besides this physical image there is also the emotional aspect this social networking spreads.These sites spread peoples information on where they are and with who making some feel out of the loop or left out. This causes many to feel not included and increase the worry in their own social status that is already present. In the people who see these posts their minds begin to wonder and try harder to become more popular in their own minds and more importantly others struggling to fight for the most followers, likes or friends.Social sites affect peoples thoughts at almost every second and causes people to negatively change their opinions on themselves. This issue of new social networking affected people in their thoughts and feelings.

The History of Curriculum Planning Essay Example for Free

The History of course of instruction Planning EssayAn effective computer program depends on its design. When developing and cookery a syllabus, educators must focus on student success. According to Danielson (2002), educators follow clearly defined step that are designed to link the local curriculum to state and district content standards (p. 81). Once a state has established a Standard Course of Study, educators can design a curriculum that ordain provide the most appropriate schooling possible for the diverse learners in that state. This forget fig up students to come successful, contributing members in a 21st century society and global economy. In this paper, the author discusses the diachronic and political influences on the current curriculum practices, the effects of positioning of meat Language Learners (ELL) and Sheltered Instruction ceremonial Protocol (SIOP) laws hold in on curriculum development, and the impact of keen education on the evolution of c urriculum development.Many political and historical influences on education come to mind, notably, the No Child Left tush (NCLB) act and cases involving religion. Politics plays a very important part in curriculum development. The main voice of politics is funding. Educational institutions rely on funding from federal, state, and local governments. These funds are used to require personnel, build and maintain educational facilities, and purchase resources needed to define established goals. Failed programs such as No Child Left Behind have proved to be expensive and sheathd an increase in the actment gaps among students. Designed to bridge achievement gaps, NCLB has not tendinged, but because it focuses on high-stakes testing, increased funding is needed to suffer for the training, testing materials, and administration.Furthermore, NCLB focuses on literacy and math, leaving little time in curriculum for history, science, and the arts. Any balanced curriculum should highlight the interconnectedness of various knit stitchs of knowledge, expose students to awide variety of experiences that can help them clarify their interests and talents, and incorporate appropriate ongoing assessment to gauge student mastery (Cawelti, 2006, p. 67). Not solely are there the issue of narrowed curricula and funding, research indicates NCLB has detrimental effects on minority and low-income students ((Woolhether, 2012). These students do receive the best education possible, because they are faced with overcrowded classrooms and apprizeers whose priority is teaching to the test. Education will continue to suffer as students are coached to pass tests and not taught a curriculum that will prepare them to live and participate in the 21st century. The other issue, school petitioner and religion expression, has an impact on curriculum. Even though the court case Engel vs. Vitale (1962) sided with Engel concerning prayer in schools, it did not quell the issue of religion. Educa tors have to be careful when selecting resources for the curriculum. Choosing activities with religious undert 1s could pose problems for educators, such as musical and reading selections.However the move toward giving religion a role in education includes establishing guidelines that specify how students can pray in school, how religious clubs can have access to school facilities, and how teachers can incorporate religion into the curriculum (Brown, 2012). increase immigration in the United States has led to a large population of clawren who live in homes where English is not the primary language. To provide the best possible education for these diverse students, curriculum planning must include elementary school programs, such as ELL (English Language Learners) and SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol) that address their needs. virtually schools may offer several programs to accommodate these students while other schools may offer only one program. Some identified p rograms are (1) the English-language monolingual program where the child is in a regular English-language monolingual classroom (2) the English-monolingual-plus-ESL program where the child is in a regular English-language monolingual classroom, but receives instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL) (3) the Transitional multilingual education program where the child is fixed in a bilingual education classroom and receives some form of English-language instruction, but as well as is taught in Spanish(4) Maintenance bilingual education program, where children are placed in a bilingual education classroom and receives some form of English- Spanish instruction.This program helps students develop full proficiency in both languages (5) the structured immersion program where the child is in a classroom in which the casing matter is presented in English, but in a manner that students with limited English-language proficiency is insufficient (Honigsfeld, 2009). These programs are beneficial if the number of ESL teachers to student ratio is sufficient. Often funding issues lead to budget cuts in these areas. A positive for NCLB is that it allocates extra support for programs designed to help ELL students progress. The impact of happy education on the planning of the curriculum is positive, but may also have some negative effects. The use of the multidimensional plan Model (MdCM) helps educators to better prepare gifted students for the changing world, providing them with the skills needed for the 21st century (Vidergor, 2010). This exercise could be used as a framework for curriculum design and development that will reach and teach gifted students. The negative effects of gifted education include funding issues for hiring teachers capable of teaching gifted students and tryst of funds.Again, movements such as NCLB have overlooked the population of gifted students. Collaboration and planning a curriculum that uses differentiated instruction is an effective way to reach gifted students. Since funding is in all of a sudden supply for gifted education, reaching out to community leaders will help them gain an fellow feeling of the needs of gifted children. This can help dispel the myth that gifted children can make it on their own (Roberts Siegle, 2012). To save gifted education and serve gifted students, some schools are turning to the schoolwide Cluster Grouping Model (SCGM). When implemented well, the SCGM represents one viable solution for providing effective and consistent gifted services within certain budget restraints (Brulles Winebrenner, 2011, p. 35). This model allows school leaders to embed gifted education services into the school system, making it possible that all students needs are met (Brulles Winebrenner, 2011).Funds will nonetheless have to be allocated for teacher training. Classroom instruction should reflect societal needs, the needs of students, and recommendations of experts in their field of study. These ar e important components when planning an effective curriculum. It is clear that ELL program models do not work for everyone, in other words, one size does not fit all. NCLB has proven beneficial by the allocation of funds to certain departments however, itmust be revisited and revamped before it will be completely effective. Unfortunately, it does solve the problems that cause students to be left behind. NCLB also has a negative impact on gifted education. Emphasis is placed on lower achieving students and efforts to make these students proficient on standardized tests. A well-planned curriculum should be loaded and demand from students higher-order thinking skills.ReferencesBrown, M. (2012). 50 years later High courts school prayer ruling still fuels religious liberty debate. Deseret News. Retrieved July 15, 2013 from http//www.deseretnews.com/article/865558046/50-years-later-High-courts-school-prayer-ruling-still-fuels-religious-liberty-debate.html?pg=all Brulles, D., Winebrenner , S. (2011). The schoolwide cluster grouping model Restructuring gifted education services for the 21st century. Gifted Child Today, 34(4), 35-46. doi10.1177/1076217511415381 Cawelti, G. (2006). NCLB Taking stock, looking forward. The side effects of NCLB. Educational Leadership(64)3. 64-68. Danielson, C. (2002). Enhancing student achievement A framework for school improvement. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Alexandria, VA. Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962).Honigsfeld, A. (2009). Ell programs Not one size fits all. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 45(4), 166-171. Roberts, J., Siegle, D. (2012). Teachers as advocates If not Youwho?. Gifted Child Today, 35(1), 58-61. doi10.1177/1076217511427432 Vidergor, H. E. (2010). The 3-dimensional Curriculum Model (MdCM). Gifted Talented International, 25(2), 153-165. Woolhether, L. (2012). The effects of NCLB on low-performing and minority students. Retrieved July 16, 2013 from http//www.ehow.com/info_7930134_effects-nclb-lo wincome-minority-students.html

Management of technology Essay Example for Free

Management of engine room Essay relieve the term Technofact. How stinker it be used to define Technology, and Management of Technology? Explain the value and payoff of the term Technofact, compared to other definitions and common agreement ab knocked out(p) technology. Explain the weaknesses, missing component parts, and contradictions in this term. Technofact is a reproducible object created by humans. By reproducible I note to any ware (tangible or virtual) of which the intention of its human creator was to make more of exactly the resembling, victimisation the same methodology. in one case weve outlined technofact, we are able to focus the term technology around this entity, and to define it as the capacitance of creating technofacts (or the human cogency of creating reproducible objects). Technology is not the technical object itself scarcely quite an the cogency of creating it over on over again. Other fields of recognition concentrate on understanding and th rong knowledge around the entity that is in the center of the science in question while the technology science is a capability, which is more than merely an understanding.On top of the knowledge gathered, the term encapsulates the creation itself, the know-how. The different aspects of the manner to establish that capability ought to be coordinated and managed, gum olibanum, management of technology can only be defined if we separate the term technology from the objects, the technofacts, as one can not manage objects. Most of the handed-d have definitions of the term technology are either inaccurate or too broad. Inaccurate when the definition refer to objects (tools, products) as the technology itself.Too broad when the definition refer to any human activity (van Wyk), which baron include forms of art that can not be considered as a technology. Another broad antenna can be found in definitions that consider any nature manipulation as a technology (is navigation by stars a tech nology? ). There are three cases in which I find difficulty with the term technofact as the central entity that technology deals with 1. When the product has an inherited random element Consider a computer program that creates random melodies (or drawings) pleasant to the human ear (or eye), based on several(prenominal) mathematical rules.The program itself is obviously a virtual technofact, but are the radical melodies or drawings created by it can also be considered technofacts? Obviously, they are being created over and over again using the same technology, but each time the program defecates something different. 2. When the product is a natural object or resource For example in agriculture. Carrots cannot be considered technofacts, but there is obviously a technology to ferment carrots. The tools which are used in the process (a plow or a combine) are technofacts, which farmers use to produce the crop itself, but they are not the reproducible product the technology deals wit h.Another examples can be mining technologies. The end product is the extracted material, which can not be considered a technofact. 3. When the product is an action For example, the capability to lift heavy weights. A crane is a technofact, but it is not the reproducible object this particularised technology enable to reproduce. The reproducible object in this case is not an object but rather an action. What is a Technology-Based Organization? Give an example for a TBO and non-TBO. Can a company be a TBO for a limited time? Explain and give an example.A technology based arranging is an fundamental law that uses technology to create economic value or to create a competitive business advantage over other competing organizations. The organization can be continuously pursuing technological improvements, manufacturing technofacts or both. This sympathetic of an organization will be perpetu bothy considered a TBO. On the other hand a non-TBO organization can become one for a limited t ime, if it incorporates a in the altogether technology to improve its processes, thus creating an advantage over its competitors.During the process of assimilating the technology and the time that takes other players to use the same technology, a non-TBO organization can be considered a TBO, as it creates economic value using technology. Consider an imaginary number traditional dairy that used to produce milk in the old milking fashion, using the farmers hands and a big nice bucket. At some point the farmer decided to acquire a milking apparatus from his engineer friend that had recently establish a milking equipment factory using his own inventions.The farmer installed the elevator car in his farm and taught his kid how to use it, so he can peacefully retire. During the next meet of years, the farmers kid gained an advantage over his neighbor farmers, bought more cows, made a small fortune and established a new dairy company (which he called after his dad). Few years later, a fter all the other farmers had done the same, the farmers kid decided to install digital thermometers in the dairy (acquired from the very same milking equipment factory), and became the leading milk provider to the entire region, with the reputation of having the freshest milk around.Again, achieving an economic advantage using new technology. This dairy had become a TBO for short periods of time during its existence, while the milking equipment factory that had invented and manufactured the machinery was a TBO end-to-end the years. Explain the term White Spaces in the context of technological innovation. How could this term be used in an organization to help planning and decision making about innovation? White spaces are the ii optional gaps between technologies and applications. The first gap exists when there is a need in the market but no solution to match it.The second gap takes place when there is a technology out there that has the capability to produce a technofact that n o one knows what to do with. A technofact that did not hitherto find the ultimate product it enables (where theres a way but there is no will). advanced(a) organization can either fill up the first gap by pursuing new technologies to match the unanswered market needs, or they can focus their efforts around understanding the potential of quick technologies and to use them to develop new groundbreaking applications.Outlines the dangers and risks associated with rapid technological development to society and individuals. Are you pessimistic or optimistic about it? What can and should we do as a society and as individuals to gain ground from technology and avoid the risks. The dangers and risks that rapid emerging technologies incorporate can come in many ways, shapes and forms concord to the technology domain.From the lose of privacy through health jeopardizing, moral issues and mass destruction weapons, they all surrender one thing in common the rate of the technology adoption and development has become faster than the rate of the ability to comprehensively understanding its implications. Successful technologies are spreading swiftly, acquiring life of their own and forcing people to use them in order to survive in the modern society. Even if a plastered individual decides to rebel and not to use a specific technology directly, it still might trade the environment this person lives in, to affect and endanger im just the same (e. g. cellular phones).The lose of freedom inflicted by some technologies is a big price of its own that society and individuals have to pay. History tells us that fear from new technologies had always existed, and we are probably experiencing the same unjustified fear of the unknown that the car inflicted on society a hundred years ago. But the problem with history is that it can only explicate the past, while the present is unlike anything humanity imagined before.I dont believe that governmental regulations aiming to restrain technology can work in the long run, but in order to control at least some of the risks, governments should cooperate globally on some issues to regulate technologies similar to the way new medicines and drugs are treated. As individuals, we must take responsibility for our health and moral values, to deal with it at all times among ourselves, to be aware of the risks we are taking and not to become blind addicts for anything new. Still, Im pessimistic as for the capability of humans to do that and overcome its basic selfish nature.

Leadership and Management in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Management in Nursing EssayNursing is a very demanding and dedicated profession and the current famine is a serious problem at totally trains of breast feeding and is the dearth of draws among nurses. Leadership and wariness atomic number 18 essential skills for all qualified healthc ar professionals and have a pivotal role in ensuring a delivery of gamy standards of care. Developing future nurse leaders is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession, (Mahoney, 2001).The author is currently naturalizeing as a midwife in one of the big hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The average deliveries per month are 500-600. in that location are 22 midwives in this unit and there are eight vacant posts for midwives . Due to the shortage of midwives, these professional facultys are subjected to personal and hold related stress. Preston et, al. (1981) defined stress as an adaptive response, intercede by individual characteristics or psychologic al processes. The negative effects of stress could be evident in stave absenteeism, hostility, and aggression.This get discover impair the provision of quality care and the potent functioning of the organization. (Healy axerophthol McKay, 1999). The inauspicious effect of bendload and stress in the authors localization has lead to an alarming spunky staff turnover. Apparently, the increased seduceload has affected the staff performances and the quality of nursing care. When the staff feel that they are non cared for, then they find it difficult to care for long-sufferings ( Atwater vitamin A Bass 1994, Lancaster 1999).In this assignment, the author forget explore the various leading meanss and their theories and as vigorous distinguish the functions amidst lead and management. The author will as well as critically explore the managers leadership practice in labor and delivery suite, therefore creating a culture of reduce stress. The link of leadership style fr om the aspect of work, environment, communication, empowerment, delegation, implications, conclusion and recommendations will be discussed further.Leaders are not someone who holds top position but also able to get around assistance to others, (Mahoney, 2001). Whereas in my placement, the enquiry nurse, who is the leader, never gives a helping hand during the deliveries. She anticipates the midwives to conduct and manage the deliveries, rase though theres shortage of staff. The nurse manager has to prepare the correct number of staff on each shift with the credentials to do the job and must be aware of the policies regarding overtime, locomote from one unit to another.She must form a competent team and manage them to carry out the plan for reaching the goal of beautiful patient care. Effective leaders are not provided someone who is skillful but they must acquire good attitudes, (Cook, 2001). The nurse manager must earn the factors surrounding the current situation in the uni t and have the knowledge of various approaches to leadership that will help to understand and determine the best leadership approach to create a positive work environment to reduce stress.Leadership is defined as the expertness to regulate, inspire and motivate a aggroup of people towards the achievement of its goal, (Yuki, 2002). Management is a process of getting things done powerfully through preparedness and organization of services which is one of the basic function of management whereas the leader is an intermediary between work group and the top management, (Marquis and Huston, 2006). The manager uses a formal and rational method whilst the leader uses passions and stirs emotions.Without enabling and empowering nursing leadership, efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare will be limited and short-lived, as said by Kelly (2008). For a leader to achieve the goal, she must have the three essential things which are power, authority and influence to act in a wa y that will stimulate a positive respond from the staff (Tomey, 2009). Leaders will emerge when nurses feel valued and inspired to strive for excellence. They aim to improve patient care via a cohesive work force by foc utilize on interpersonal relationships between leaders and subordinates, (Malby 1997).A nursing leader should have a distinctive set of personal qualities, integrity, courage, initiative, ability to handle stress, think critically, able to resolve problems without conflicts, skillful communication and must be empathetic. They are not those who control others but they act as visionaries who help staff to plan, lead, control and organize their activities, (Jooste,2004). There are m whatever types of leadership. Autocratic type of leaders are those who make all decisions and expect others to follow without questioning and never seek advice from others, (Sullivan amp Decker 2005).This situation had made some of the midwives to leave for greener pastures. The current heal th arranging has advanced in technology and improved in care giving services (Cook, 2001). The author feels that this leadership style is no longer tenable and fits into the contemporary nursing practice and a consumer responsive culture. elective leaders encourage the participant of staff and use a consensus for decision making, (Sullivan amp Decker 2005) whereas bureaucratic leadership occurs when a leader rigidly adheres to rules, regulations and policies of the organization, (Jenkins and Henderson, 1984).Instead of providing sufficient support and consideration, my nurse manager demonstrates these leadership qualities because she uses rules and policies consequently expecting strict compliance from the midwives. . By following the organizational hierarchys influence, she puts herself in a high position but never use her power constructively (Masquis amp Huston, 2006). Due to top management instructions, she adheres to the current policies, making no varys in them but gives v erbal instruction and changing policies to her likes and dislikes.This swifts away swear and founder communications between the manager and the midwives. Due to unvented stress and high expectations from the nurse manager, the midwives burnout level have been exacerbated . Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment, as said by Maslach ampJackson (1981). Reports have proved that in this kind of environment, patients safety is at take a chance (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Participative leadership allows staff to participate in decision making and actively seek out the conflict of those involved.This type of leadership allows staff to feel more committed to the goals they were involved (Faugier amp Woolnough, 2002). The author feels that the head nurse should have these qualities so that the unit will run smoothly, and the staff will be appreciated and acknowledged so that good nursing care can be rendered. Transformational leadership is especially well suited for todays fast changing healthcare environment where adaptation is extremely pregnant (Welford,2002). It starts with the development of a vision that will excite and convert potential followers, (Outhwaite, 2003).To achieve organizational success, this style advocates for strong leadership qualities and these leaders use motivation in their approach than use rewards and punishment as said by Kouzes amp Posner (2002). In the authors point of view, this leadership is proposed as empowering leadership style which well suits in my unit and to be recognized by the nurse manager. According to Bowles amp Bowels (2002), transformational leaders create a leadership culture for all team members nurturing empowerment, increase their autonomy and open communication for inclusive decision making.The nurse manager takes responsibilities for discussing care related matters with the midwives which makes them to be motivated and work more effectively to contri bute to the development and provision of the unit, (Murphy. 2005). The ability of the leader to articulate a divided vision is an important aspect of transformational leadership (Faugier amp Woolnough, 2002). Another leadership style is transactional leadership which focalizees on providing day to day care between leaders and their employee.It aims to maintain equilibrium and harmony by using incentives to enhance staff loyalty and performance (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Laissez faire leadership is another style that leaves the staff alone to work with no directions or facilitations and is a highly risky form of leadership, (Sullivan amp Decker 2005). Since the authors placement is labor and delivery, its not advisable to have this kind of leader in this unit as it will increase the mortality rate.The high level of burnout and increased workload due to shortage of midwives and little rest days has resulted them to leave. This disequilibrium may trigger the risk of physical and menta l health of these midwives. The manager has eat up the nurses basic psychological needs which are rest and sleep and at the same time reducing their self- esteem, as said in Maslows theory of human motivation. The leader should explore barriers and identify conflicts when they plagiarise and collaborate with the team and be able to understand the employees perspective (Outhwaite,2003).A more effective form of leadership maybe situational leadership where the leader switches the style depending upon the situation at hand and upon the competence of the staff, (Faugier amp Woolnough, 2002). The nurse manager must be good clinician and have judgment skills to handle any problem that cannot be handled by the staff. By doing so, the staff will listen to her as she guides them. Communication also plays a vital role as this can prevent conflict and smoothes the progress of team construct in the unit Calpin-Davies, (2000).A good communicator gives the staff detailed instructions to perfo rm tasks that are necessity to reach the goal. The nurse manager uses a communication book to provide important information to all the staff in the unit, as supported by Sullivan amp Decker (2005). By reading and acknowledging with a signature, she assures the capacity has been reached effectively. As a leader, the nurse manager has to be a good listener. It provides the opportunity to receive of import feedback that is used to avert some problems and resolve others and also giving greater understanding of the issues being discussed.When there are incidences in the unit, the nurse manager gives a listening ear to the staff and tries to solve the problems. She puts past preconceived ideas or prejudices when listening to staff. Being a leader, the nurse manager delegates some of the tasks to the staff to focus on more complex aspects of running the unit. She delegates the right task to the right person, for example sending and compendium of narcotics by the midwife as these drugs used are cautioned in Saudi Arabia.A good leader fosters a congenial work environment by coaching, praising and training the staff to perform an excellent job and also by conducting continuous nursing education. Supervision goes in the observation of staff and to valuate in the yearly performance appraisal. The author would recommend that the nurse manager in this unit has to change her leadership style to She should resources for proper quality care Conclusion Today, healthcare environment requires leaders to be skillful and knowledgeable and have strong inspirational leadership qualities across the health care organization. In this millennium, nursing must make a dedicated effort to nurture its young nurses to grow into effective and motivating leaders.

Argentinas Economic Crisis Essay Example for Free

genus genus genus Argentinas Economic Crisis EssayTo purloin attention from increasingly severe political and economic problems, in 1982 the junta ordered an invasion of the nigh Falkland Islands, a British territory that Argentina had long claimed. British forces counterattacked and took back the islands. A huge debt was increase as a result of the war and at the end of the military presidency in 1983, the unpolisheds industries unemployment were severely affected (Saxton, 2003). In 1983, the junta transferred power to an elected civilian president, Raul Alfonsin of the Radical civic Union party. The new governments plans included stabilizing the providence and introducing a new bills knget as the austral. New loans were taken prohibited and state eventually was unable to pay the busy on debt and eventually the self-assertion in austral collapsed. Inflation spiralled out of control, gross domestic product shrank and wages send away by almost half. Following riots Pr esident Alfonsin stepped down six months before his term. In 1989, the Justicialist (Peronist) partys Carlos Menem began governing and in 1991, he ap addressed Domingo Carvalho as the Minister of the Economy who introduced Convertibility Law System, which took establish on April 1, 1991. Saxton, 2004, p. 4). The Convertibility Law System ended the hyperinflation by establishing a flagged exchange appraise with the U. S. dollar and supporting the currentness substantially with dollars. The aim was to ensure the acceptance of the nones after the 1989 and 1990 hyperinflation period, as people started rejecting the currency and demanding US dollars (Hill, 2011). The exchange rate was initially 10,000 Argentine australes per dollar on January 1, 1992 the peso replaced the austral at 1 peso = 10,000 australes = US$1. 4 (Saxton, 2003)Argentines were allowed to use dollars freely, price stability was assured and the value of the currency was preserved. The quality of life was raised f or many and people could afford to travel abroad, buy imported goods and take away for loans from banks at a low interest rate. Argentina curled extensive foreign investment, which helped modernize its utilities, ports, railroads, banks, and other sectors (Saxton, 2003). However, the persistent exchange rate made imports cheap which lead to loss of Argentinas industrial foot and increase in unemployment.In the meantime, government spending continued and public debts grew substantially as government needed to borrow to finance external debt. However, the government showed no intention of paying debt off and excessively delayed payment schedules, while IMF kept lending money. level offtually in 1998 Argentina entered in a four-year recession, during which its economy shrank 28 percent (Saxton, 2003). This happened as a result of the Argentina exports were harmed by devaluation of Brazilian substantive and international revaluation of the dollar effectively revaluing the peso ag ainst its major trading partners Brazil and the euro area (Hornbeck, 2002).By 1999, elected President De la Rua was left with a country where unemployment had risen to a critical point and the undesirable effects of the primed(p) exchange rate were showing. The De la Rua government was mainly worried near the federal budget deficit, which was 2. 5 percent of GDP in 1999. That left only one excerpt raising tax judge. President De la Rua secured approval for three big tax increases, effective January 2000, April 2001, and wonderful 2001. Hence, massive tax evasion and money laundering happened as headspring as led to funds evaporating to offshore banks.In 2001, the freeze on bank deposits began, in response to large withdrawals as people started losing confidence in economy. The economy turned from recession to depression as people and businesses could not make payments. Credit evaporated. many people took to the streets in angry demonstrations which also led to supermarket loo ting and President De la Rua resigning (Horbeck, 2002). By slow 2001, the government tax revenues plunged as the economy contracted and the Argentina government defaulted in its debt repayments, effectively interpretation ? 80 billion of government issued bonds worth little (Hill, 2011, p. 99). The debt default to IMF was the final nail in the coffin and in archeozoic 2002, the government finally allowed the peso to float freely. Hence, the peso immediately fell $1=3. 5 pesos (Hill, 2011). Q1. A frosty exchange rate is anexchange ratefor acurrencywhere the government has unflinching to link thevalueto another currency or to some valuable commodity like gold. For event in 1990, Argentina fixed the exchange rate of the Argentinean peso to the U. S. dollar at $1=1 peso. A government may fix its currency by holdingreservesof thepeg(or the summationto which it is fixed) in thecentral bank.For example, if a country fixes its currency to theBritish pound, it must hold enough pounds i n reserve to account for all of its currency incirculation. Importantly, fixed exchange rates do not change according tomarketconditions. It is also called a pegged exchange rate. For most of the period between 1975 and 1990, Argentina experienced hyperinflation (averaging 325% a year)+, poor or negativeGDPgrowth, a severe lack of confidence in thenational governmentand theCentral Bank, and low levels ofcapitalinvestment. After eight currency crises since the early 1970s,inflationpeaked in 1989, reaching 5,000% that year.GDP was 10% lower than in 1980 and per capita GDP had fall by over 20%. Fixed investmentfell by over half and, by 1989, could not cover yearlydepreciation particularly in the industrial sector. Social indicators deteriorated seriously actual wages collapsed to about half of their 1974 peak and income poverty rates change magnitude from 27% in 1980 to 47% in 1989. After the 1990s when Argentina fixed its Argentinean Peso against the Dollar, the economy started to s ettle and actually show the benefits that fixing an exchange rate can micturate.By adopting a fixed exchange rate, the government cut down uncertainties for all economic agents in the country. As businesses had the perfect knowledge that prices are fixed and therefore not going to change, hence they could plan ahead in their productions. The fixed exchange rate system avoids the idle day to day fluctuations that are likely to occur under flexible rates and that discourage specialty in production and the flow of international trade and investment. Argentina implemented its currency board in April 1991.Its main achievement was in controlling inflation, which was brought down from more than 3,000% in 1989 to 3. 4% in 1994. other major accomplishment of the system was renewed economic growth. Enjoying the high world prices ofprimary products(Argentinas main exports), GDP grew at an annual rate of 8% between 1991 until theTequila Effectof 1995. Even after theMexican crisis, until 1 998 the annual growth rate was 6%. International tradealso increased dramatically, reflecting the growing form of bleakness of the country. Imports increased from US$ 11. 6 billion in 1991 to US$ 32. billion in 2000. Likewise, exports also increased from US$ 12. 1 billion in 1991 to US$ 30. 7 billion in 2000. 2) Why was Argentina unable to maintain its fixed exchange rate regime? What does this tell you about the limitations of a fixed exchange rate regime? In the end, the fixed exchange rate regime did not brook and Argentina had to abandon this form _or_ system of government to regain its position in the market. This was mainly because the pegged value was devalued by many countries and this caused global economic growth to decline considerably and the demand of exported Argentina commodities to decrease aggressively too.This in turn made Argentinean goods more expensive in other international markets. On altitude of this, with Brazil devaluing their own currency against the US dollar made matters worse for Argentina as this had an model on their Argentinean peso, pricing their goods out of the market. The decline in global prices for farm products and the global economic retardent only added to Argentinas problems. Even though the fixed exchange rate policy had succeeded antecedently in strengthening Argentinas competitive positioning in the global market and turned on(p) economic growth, this would not have survived for long.The fixed exchange rate regime contains many drawbacks and would not have worked forever, as maintaining this fixed exchange rate conflicted with many other macroeconomic objectives of the country. There was also less flexibility present in a fixed exchange rate policy and caused difficulty for Argentina to respond rapidly to the shocks in the market, as pressure was added on to the currency. This affected the competitiveness of the market and also inflation rates, thus causing Argentina to alter their policy further.However, this is proven to be difficult as some countries may see this as an unfair trade advantage to them, causing some degree of disagreement between certain countries, affecting their competitiveness in the economy and making it harder for them to defend its own currency. Question 3 Do you think that the IMF was correct to insist that the Argentinian government adopt a fiscal austerity program? What other approach could the IMF have taken? The Argentine monetary crisis arrive at in 1999, but the IMF had been working closely with Argentine government since 1991 and had supported the Pesos peg to the US Dollar. IEO, 2003), (Stiglitz, 2002) The IMF (2003) considers their policies in the run up to the crisis to have been lax and based on too oft optimism. The organisation blames structural weaknesses in the economy mainly high public sector debt, as well as other factors like lack of labour market flexibility and their own enforcement on these issues. eyepatch supporting Argentina through lending, the IMF called for fiscal austerity in order to boost confidence and attract much needed international investment. (MacEwan, 2002), (Stiglitz, 2002), (IMF, 2003)The fund argues that an expansionary fiscal policy was ruled out because there was no surplus from which to spend and deficit spending would have caused the debt to grow at a higher rate than the economy. Furthermore, a budget deficit could have led to higher interest rates for borrowing. (IMF, 2003) Given the fixed exchange rate, an expansionary monetary policy, i. e. increasing the money supply, was not possible. (MacEwan, 2002), (IMF, 2003) MacEwan (2002) argues that fiscal austerity had the opposite effect and lessen markets confidence in the country, which led to a worsening of the crisis.An alternative view is that it is normal for a country to run a moderate budget deficit in a recession and that an expansionary fiscal policy would have been more appropriate. (Stiglitz, 2002), (MacEwan, 2002) MacEwan (2002) goes further and explains that curtailing social spending on education, health care, physical infrastructure projects cuts the legs out from under long-term economic progress. In recent years, in spite of the financial crisis and the still-recent default, the Argentine economy has been doing well, growing by 9. 2% in 2010 and 8. 8% in 2011 and is expected to grow at least 5. % in 2012, with the growth being attributed to both fiscal and monetary stimulus. (MarketWatch, 2011), (Dow Jones Newswires, 2012), (MercoPress, 2012) The expansionary policy has led to inflation rates of 22. 75%, which seem to be causing labour disputes when wage increases fail to keep up. (MercoPress, 2012) For conclusion, something like Even considering the high inflation rate (22. 75%) and resulting labour disputes, the situation is preferable to the massive debt and street riots of 2001. Q4 In the end the Argentinean government was forced to abandon its peg to the dollar.